Theme Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1036 Words

In the poems by Robert frost, â€Å"Mending Wall†, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, and â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening†. As we take a broad view, we see a correlation of the theme from all three poems. Consisting of either an outdoor setting or nature setting 2. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, we see the narrator, Robert Frost, comes upon a fork in the road while walking through the yellow wood. He takes a while and thinks about both paths and decides that each path is equally often taken and they both catch his attention. After choosing one of the roads, the narrator tells himself that he will come back to this fork one day to try the other road. But, he realizes that this is highly unlikely that he will ever will come back to this specific point†¦show more content†¦A few moments later, he decides to continue his trail ride. 5. This poem is somewhat, very complex. As we look at the first, second, and fourth line rhyme, (Know, though, and snow.) while the third line rhymes with them as well, but in the sense of, (here, queer, near, and year.) Iambic meter, four stanzas with them each having four stressed syllables. He also repeats the final line twice, that he would like to stay more but must move on with life. The poem also gives off a hint of him wanting to express adventure, and experiences of new things perhaps. 6. In his piece, â€Å"Mending Wall†, it seems to talk about two neighbors meeting to repair a wall that divides their property. The narrator is skeptical, he does not seem to understand the need for a wall when there is no livestock to be contained or anything of the sorts, only an apple and pine tree. He does not believe that a wall should exist simply for it just to be there. He cannot help but come to notice that many people out in the world, or their area does not seem to like the wall as much as hi=e does not like the wall. Then, gaps begin to appear in the wall out of nowhere, boulders fall for no reason. The neighbor, proclaims that the wall is crucial to maintaining their relationship, ultimately stating, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† 7. We can see from the way this poem is set up, the narrator has no real set or meter of this poem. It’s like a blank verse type deal. The narrator seemsShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Consonance In The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Road not taken is a poem by Robert Frost was first written in 1916 and it is one of the most famous pieces of American literature. â€Å"It was published in 1978 it has also sold more than seven million copies in the United States and Canada.† (Orr). â€Å"â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† plays a unique role not simply in American literature, but in American culture —and in world culture as well. Its signature phrases have become so ubiquitous, so much a part of everything from coffee mugs to refrigerator magnetsRead More Symbolism, Imagery, and Theme of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost686 Words   |  3 PagesSymbolism, Imagery, and Theme of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost How can an author effectively convey a universal message to the broadest audience possible? Simple. The author must simply create a completely impartial narrator, devoid of sex, status, or age. The Road Not Taken is a poem told by an impartial narrator who has come to a crossroads in his/her life. The crossroads is represented by a forked path that leads through a forest. The setting is also impartial; the forest is anytimeRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helpedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is aboutRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words   |  3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† deals with about making choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MorePoetry Essay, the Road Not Taken869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Road Not Taken: Poetry Essay COURSE AND TITLE: ENGL 102: Literature and Composition SEMESTER OF ENROLLMENT: NAME: WRITING STYLE USED: MLA . Thesis statement: The symbolic setting, title, content and metrical devices support the poem’s (The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost) overall meaning. Outline: Title â€Å"Poetry Essay† I. Introduction A. The influence of decision making process in human life. B. The problem faced byRead MoreThe Road Not Taken1084 Words   |  5 PagesWoods English 102 CHA 8 November 2010 The Road Not Taken The poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost describes the dilemma in decision making, generally in life each individual has countless decisions to make and those decisions lead to new challenges, dilemmas and opportunities. In Frost’s poem, the careful traveler observes the differences of each path, one is bent and covered in undergrowth (Frost 5) and the other is grassy and unworn (Frost 8). In the end he knows he can only choose oneRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdeposition. The Road Not Taken, is a poem published in the early 1950’s by Robert Frost. The poem is summarized into the decision one has to make in life, when approached with a cross road. While Frost might have just been lucky with his words, his choices allows readers to stimulate their mind into thinking. Frost relies on the structure of, The Road Not Taken, as well as diction and imagery to reach his audience. Breaking down, The Road Not Taken,the message that Frost tries to get acrossRead MoreDecision Making In Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken770 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† depicts a real life situation. Imagine a problem coming up in your life and having to choose between one solution or the other. Many might be confused and stressed about which decision to choose. No individual wants to be faced with hard situations in their life. Sometimes the solution less chosen is the best, but not always. Advice is helpful in an individual’s life because that individual gets a second opinion, rather just trying to figure out the solution on their own. FrostRead MoreEssay about Analysis of the Poems of Robert Frost1316 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† are just two of many very famous poems, written by none other than Robert Frost. Robert Frost is a poet that is well known for his poetic contributions to n ature, as well as his award winning poems. His poetic ability and knowledge make him an extraordinary author. His past; including schooling, family, and the era in which he wrote influenced nearly all of his poems in some way. This very famous poet contributed to the modernism era, had a family

Obesity And Weight Loss And Obesity - 1673 Words

Obesity Obesity and weight loss is an issue that many men and women deal with on a daily basis. According to the Mayo Clinic obesity is defined as a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat (Mayo, 1998-2016). Obesity in men, women, and children increases the risk of diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Early prevention during childhood deceases the chances of the individual being obese during adulthood. Early prevention includes limiting the amount of sugary drinks, high calorie snacks, and promoting exercise on a daily basis. Obesity is a worldwide condition that has mental, physical, and social effects on individuals that are diagnosed with the condition. In this paper the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and motivational interviewing on individuals with obesity will be explored and discussed. For many young and older adults treating obesity is not an easy task to accomplish on your own which leads to yo-yo diets and fad diets that are seen on TV. Being overweight can cause a person to become depressed, binge eaters, and displaying signs of having an emotional disorder. Studies have found that when depressed people eat to feel better they gain weight and being overweight cause the depression which triggers the overeating. This cycle of depression and overeating cause the individual to feel judged, socially rejected, and discriminated against. When the person is obese andShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Weight Loss1667 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity Epidemic in America There are a lot of different opinions and strong emotions when it comes to the topic of obesity and weight loss. America, home of the free and land of the obese. According to CNBC, nearly two-thirds of American adults are either overweight or obese. Childhood obesity is triple what it was some decades ago. The obesity plague in America costs the nation as much as $147 billion and an indescribable number of lives every year. TogetherRead MoreWeight Loss Of Overweight And Obesity Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesDisclaimer, Terms Conditions Introduction to Weight Loss Causes of Overweight and Obesity Different Body Parts and Weight Diet Weight Loss Your Weight Loss Daily Diet Plan 12 Best Weight Loss Friendly Foods Best Exercises to Lose weight on Different Body Parts Best Way to Lose Weight in a Week The Magic of Affirmations Conclusion One Last Thing Introduction to Weight Loss Unfortunately, for most people gaining weight is much easier than losing weight. It is not uncommon for a person to start developingRead MoreAlternative Weight Loss In Obesity Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Weight Loss in Obesity: Surgery or Pill We live with obesity on a daily basis within the United States. About 36.5% of U.S. adults were obese within the year 2011 to 2014 (Ogden et al., 2015). There will be many consequences to face as someone grows with obesity. These people may create and follow their own diet and exercise plans, but sometimes a little help is needed. Therefore, in obese adults with a BMI of 30, does weight loss surgery, particularly sleeve gastrectomy, or the weight lossRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Is Disturbing The Financial And Social Stability Of The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesAn Obesity epidemic is disturbing the financial and social stability of the United States. As stated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services â€Å"our modern environment has allowed these conditions to increase at alarming rates and become highly pressing health problems for our nationâ€Å"(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Efforts made by authority figures have been enforced to solve this severe crisis. Obesity has become a concerning problem in the United States. This epidemic isRead MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 PagesObesity Causes and Solutions In recent decades, obesity has grown to become considered an epidemic. In Natalie Boreo’s book â€Å"Killer Fat†, she discusses this obesity epidemic along with its social, political, economic, and moral influences. A number of factors contribute to the high instances of obesity; a person’s lifestyle, eating habits, culture, sedentary behaviors, activity levels, socioeconomic status, among many others. Sociologists seek to understand the physical, emotional and social influencesRead MoreObesity : A Serious Health Condition1452 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is a serious health condition that, if left untreated, causes serious health conditions. Contrary to popular belief, obesity is more than a condition caused by overeating and lack of exercise (Vallor 2013). Obesity is a disease (Callahan 2013); a disease that Americans are spending about $150 billion on annually (Zamosky 2013). Additionally, changing a person’s diet and exercise regimen may not be effective in some cases of obesity (Vallor 2013). Obesity is not like most well-known diseases;Read MoreObesity is Not a Disease Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has played a major role in media over the last decade. With growing concern over the issue, a controversy over whether obesity is a disease itself or not has developed. Obesity, by definition, is a condition that is characterized by excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body, usually indicated by a body mass index of 30 or greater. According to the currently accepted definition of disease, a condition of the body or one of its parts that impairs normal functioning and is typicallyRead MoreLifestyle Interventions For Managing Obesity1485 Words   |  6 PagesLifestyle interventions for managing obesity in older adults INTRODUCTION Obesity is condition of being abnormal with excess of accumulated fat in the adipose tissue of the body to the extent which increases the health risk, illness and may lead to morality. An important cause of body fat mass is the association between energy taken and energy spent. A person becomes obese when he/she consumes more calories than they burn. Calories are necessary in orderRead MoreObesity Is A Disorder Of The Endocrine System Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesEndocrine System Obesity Obesity is a disorder of the Endocrine System. Obesity means having too much body fat, it occurs over time when more calories are eaten than being use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Factors that might affect weight consist of your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active. Furthermore, several endocrine abnormalities are reported in obesity. Some of these abnormalities are considered as contributoryRead MoreThe Pathophysiology Of Obesity And Obesity1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe pathophysiology of obesity is when there is a buildup of excess body fat. This excess body fat is determined by calculating a person body mass index (BMI). The BMI is calculated by an individual’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of a person’s height in metersthis allows us to come up with appropriate range of weight to an individual’s height. The body mass index is used to find out if an individ ual is overweight or obese. Individuals who’s BMI that have a range of 25 to 29.99 are thought

Florida Department of Management Services Free Essays

The network was up and running and it was secure and reliable, but the speed was slow and the interface clumsy. The applications around the database were old, out of date and were only in batch-mode with fixed-transaction access. The system were complex and when user tried to get something out of the ordinary, they had to wait for days or weeks for the mainframe programmers developing what was needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Florida Department of Management Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now The system is equipped with a firewall to prevent unauthorized access, by analyzing and controlling the incoming and outgoing data network traffic, it is a software or hardware-based network security but it â€Å"blocks† all network traffic, slowing and causing inconvenience. DMV is intended to start doing e-commerce and this will take an extra care involving security because this applications takes a lot of work, and by adding more security features on the fly would prove problematic once it takes an extended amount of time to close exploits, and it involves more than one department. The use of SSL certificates, HTTP and HTTPS must be utilized to protect and authenticate users and employees from packet sniffing hostiles and hacker’s attack. Transition process: The SNA network controller processors were connected to T-1 and T-3 lines in 10 cities. The controller for the communications was within the token ring local area network, computer are connected in a ring or star topology, to prevent collision from computers when they are trying to send messages at the same time. The token rings could also support the terminals of personal computers and other computer equipment. The controllers were designed to handle SNA traffic out of and into the mainframe computers. In order to transform the infrastructure of SNA router network, all the Department of Management Services had to connect the boxes, and link them to the central site router of the data center. Critiques: The DMS provides numerous serivices and support for its employee’s and state agencies, allowing 6000 users to access the mainframe application in tallahassee. The shared services gave support for human resources, aloowing users to access information anytime available on the Web servers and on the Web servers at vendor sites, such as reviewing informations about contracts and suppliers. There are specialized services, such agency administration, job-posting service and numerous other services available. The virtual enviroment for providing services is being used by the DMS. They utilize the internet and intranet through their Web portals. To protect the DMS system from unauthorized access, the DMS employed several people on a full time basis to review information, format it, followed by entering them into the mainframe computers. Additional Services: The Florida Department of Management Service built a large information systems network, in the early 1990s, to connect 10 regional sites with the data center in Tallahassee serving the state government agencies. The network was developed to use the proprietary Systems Network Architecture from IBM. The DMS was happy with their current set up however they felt the need to expand applications and services. The idea was to incorporate TCP/IP capabilities and Internet access, exploiting the Internet was the primary goal. It did not take long to implement and the DMS created a state wide TCP/IP network where they began offering Internet services to local and state agencies. They also created a suite of applications that would assist in personnel, billing systems online and accounting. The DMS saved $4 million dollars for the state plus an increase in productivity. The DMS should add a feedback service box to its portfolio. The information gathered from its customers would provide users the oppruntunity to improve the service and the system what they may be lacking. How to cite Florida Department of Management Services, Papers

Conclusion and Recommendation free essay sample

Moral implies conformity to established sanctioned codes or accepted notions of right and wrong or the basic moral values of a community. Ethical may suggest the involvement of more difficult or subtle questions of rightness, fairness or equity. While legal is sanctioned by law or in conformity with the law especially as it is written or administered by the courts. (Merriam-Webster) Relating the results of the gathered data of the study about the dog eating practice in Baguio City and La Trinidad to morality and the legal aspect of which, the researchers were able to come up with conclusions and recommendations. Regarding the moral aspect of the practice of dog eating, the study revealed that it is accepted to consume dog meat. The prevalent reasons are that dogs are basically meat for food and dogs are used in the cultural and ritual practice. Dogs are made as offerings and were eaten for health reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Conclusion and Recommendation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Law enforcers admitted that dog meat consumption is a right as guaranteed by our constitution. They too believed that consumption of dog meat will continue. However, trading dog meat is prohibited with the advent of the Anti Rabies Act and the Animal Welfare Act. In legal parlance, as stated above that dog eating is presumed to be legal for the the act of trading dog meat is prohibited. Even the constitution entitles everyone to our basic needs which include food, shelter and clothing. Eating dog meat is then legal for the fact that it is considered as food. But with special laws being passed which condemned the trading of dogs for consumption purposes made the eating practice seemingly illegal as well. Knowing now that the trading and not the eating practice is illegal, the researchers recommend a deeper investigation on the source of dog meat supplied in the city and the capital town. Our law enforcers like the National Bureau of Investigation and the Philippine National Police should coordinate to be able to put to an end the trade of dogs. Cases filed against trading of dog meat in courts were dismissed due to the open interpretation of the law. The researchers would therefore recommend for our lawmakers to revisit the Anti Rabies Act and the Animal Welfare Act. For our lawmakers to clearly define animal cruelty and other silent parts of the law which are open for individual interpretations.

Henry Wager Halleck Essay Research Paper Henry free essay sample

Henry Wager Halleck Essay, Research Paper Henry Wager Halleck Discord Among Generals by Glen R. Hees Henry Wager Halleck, or # 8220 ; Old Brains # 8221 ; as he was called, served as general in head of the Union ground forcess in the Civil war. His moniker referred to his # 8220 ; theoretical glare # 8221 ; although there were terrible uncertainties as to his field accomplishments. General Halleck was the beginning of many other General? s troubles and his actions portrayed a adult male obsessed with self service. His indecisiveness and deficiency of tactical competency would take discord among the really troops he was supposed to take, and among his equals every bit good. Indeed, the conflict at Fort Donelson might hold gone much drum sander for the Union had there been a more competent leader of Western Troops. Halleck shared bid in the West with another General named Buell. Although the two were supposed to work with eachother, much of the clip was spent surpassing the other, or doing the other expression bad in order to derive acknowledgment. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry Wager Halleck Essay Research Paper Henry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Halleck? s ultimate strategy was to hold the full western Union forces under his bid entirely. President Lincoln rejected this thought and continued to promote the cooperation of Halleck and Buell. The tensenesss between Halleck and Buell inadvertently brought Grant into the center, conveying the wrath of Halleck upon Grant. This efficaciously caused operations in the West to crunch to a arrest. Refusing to work together, Grant had problem spoting which General to listen to, but finally favored Buell. This enraged Halleck, who was already covetous of Grant? s recent celebrity after the pickings of Fort Henry. Halleck instantly wrote a missive to Washington, denouncing Grant and get downing the rumour that Grant had taken up his imbibing once more. Halleck? s cunctation was known to many in the Union, and was the ground that many commanding officers made their ain determinations and tried to warrant them subsequently. One such incident involved Foote, a naval commanding officer. When it was learned that Halleck was doing a determination on motion to Fort Henry, Foote took it upon himself to fix everything and get down motion. Halleck tended to wait until the last minute when he would be forced to do a determination, even with the suggestions of his subsidiary leaders and equals. Halleck had the inclination to believe himself significantly better than his equals, and would frequently acquire covetous at their successes. His actions even had Grant contemplating go forthing the ground forces and turning over his bid. Even while the Union ground forces had better equipment, and superior subject among its military personnels, it? s leading was in shambles. Just before the onslaughts on Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Halleck had made the determination to assail without stating Buell. When Buell learned of the program, he asked Halleck if he needed any cooperation, which Halleck refused. Subsequently, as the traveling got tough though, Halleck asked Buell to function under him. Clearly, the grounds for this were self-seeking, and it was obvious that Halleck was out to progress his military lucks. It was at this point that Buell began to happen grounds why he could non assist, and when he eventually moved, it was to Nashville. The triumph at both Fort Henry and Fort Donelson were a direct consequence of Grant? s onslaughts. Halleck, sitting at his desk in St. Louis, had directed the whole operation but frequently without cognizing what was genuinely traveling on. He claimed recognition for the pickings of the two garrisons and demanded that he be made commanding officer of all the ground forcess in the West. His foreman, McClellan short replied that he believed Buell could command his military personnels better than Halleck could from behind a desk in St. Louis. Halleck recommended publicities for Grant and Buell, even though he claimed the recognition for the triumphs. Allow? s publicity would come, but on the President? s ain enterprise and with a great trade of involvement in the up and coming General. Halleck, a cautious adult male by nature, was non prone to doing immediate determinations except when it came to provide and resupply. The one thing that can be said for the general is that he kept Grant supplied with work forces and arms during his conflicts at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. During the conflicts themselves, Halleck did non lend much, and Grant was able to utilize his tactical accomplishments without much hinderance. If Halleck would hold been more decisive earlier on the conflicts would hold been much easier on the Union military personnels and likely would hold allowed them to derive a impulse that would unclutter the Confederates out of the country much quicker. The conflict of Fort Donelson was of import in fring the Tennessee country of Confederate military personnels, yet a reader of history can merely inquire what would hold come approximately had there been cooperation among the commanding officers and better lines of communicating. Persons can non do the best usage out of a big ground forces, nor can they hold control of an ground forces that is 100s of stat mis off. As a supply officer, Halleck might hold excelled, but as a commanding officer of military personnels in conflict, he was outshined by his equals with better tactical field experience. Bibliography Ambrose, Stephen E. Halleck: Lincoln? s Chief of Staff. Baton Rouge, 1962. Bradford, Ned. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, Inc. , 1956. Cooling, Benjamin F. Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1987. Horn, Stanley F. Tennessee? s War 1861-1865. Nashville: Tennessee Civil War Centennial Commission, 1965. Hubbell, John T. Battles Lost and Won. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1975. McDonough, James Lee. Shiloh # 8211 ; in Hell before Night. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1977. Williams, Harry T. Lincoln and His Generals. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952. Ambrose, Stephen E. , Halleck: Lincoln? s Chief of Staff ( Baton Rouge, 1962 ) 2. Cooling, Benjamin Franklin, Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland ( Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1987 ) 226. McDonough, James Lee, Shiloh # 8211 ; in Hell before Night ( Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1977 ) 37. McDonough, 40. McDonough, 40. Williams, Harry, Lincoln and His Generals ( New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952 ) 59.

Analytical Essay Sample on Peter the Great and His Effects on Russia

Analytical Essay Sample on Peter the Great and His Effects on Russia Czar Peter Romanov I also known as Peter The Great took many actions as being the absolute ruler of Russia, Peter impacted Russia positively and negatively through westernization and opening Russia to the west. Overall peter had a positive effect on Russia. Peter’s main goal as Czar of Russia was to westernize his country, He realized that Russia should be westernized to ensure its independence, which was a positive impact Peter had completed. Already fascinated by mechanical inventions, he studied government and ways of the West. He modernized the calendar, simplified numerals, and the Russian alphabet. To make sure Russia had contact with the West, Peter captured the east shores of the Baltic Sea from the Swedish and built a new capital named after himself named St. Petersburg. Peter managed to modernize Russia without borrowing money from the country, so Peter imposed heavy taxes on the citizens, because European men usually were clean shaven, he even taxed Russians wearing beards. All of the taxing that Peter imposed was a negative action he had taken. Peter’s positive actions towards the government were a good thing he did, he had three reforms of government. Local government, which towns were allowed to elect their own government officials. Provincial government, Russia was divided into 8 guberniia, each of the guberniias were lead by a Gubnator who had all of the power in his guberniia. Central government, the central government advised Peter, Peter thought that these reforms of government helped in the modernization of Russia. Another positive thing Peter did was build a church, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, not only was it a place for the people of St. Petersburg to pray, but it was also used as a fortress to protect the area from a possible attack from the Swedes. It was the first church in the city made out of stone, the church stood 404 ft. tall being the tallest building in St. Petersburg. All of the Russian emperors are buried in the church from Peter the great to Alexander III. In conclusion I think that Peter I had a positive effect on Russia, from westernization to his reforms of government, some of Peter’s ways are still used in modern Russia till this day.

Upload later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Upload later - Essay Example Despite this, it is difficult to align the strategic map of the business with the corporate strategy that defines the operations of the organization. Corporate strategy, on the other hand, is the improvisation of the organizational working efficiency towards the attainment of the strategic plan through the elimination of waste and production at lowest possible costs (Demeester, De Meyer & Grahovac, 2014). The operational resources are critical in the attainment of the operational strategy. These resources include the tangible and intangible resources, the operational processes and capabilities. The tangible resources consist of the equipment, materials, facilities and human resource that perform the practical work. The intangible resources, on the other hand are the skills, market relationships and knowledge that determine the quality of production. The operational processes combine the intangible and tangible resources to formulate a coordinated framework of the production procedure (Hill & Cuthbertson, 2011). The first challenge that the organization encounters in the alignment of operation strategy to the corporate strategy is the agreement on the model of operation. A company can be integrated like McDonalds’s, Holding Company like Tyco International or an Allied Company like the Unilever Company. This choice of operating model defines the relationship of the business and the amount of investments allocated to the company. It is important to understand the operating model because it involves the allocation of funds to various business entities. In the process that the senior management decides to implement the corporate strategy, competitors will launch a model that capitalizes on the company’s large investment in efficiency improvement (Boyer And Lewis, 2002). This may amount to sever losses in the company. More often, it is a challenge to map the business strategy to the functional alignment because of the

What is a good design,Is Inclusivity and universality good design Case Study

What is a good design,Is Inclusivity and universality good design - Case Study Example Therefore, such diversity in design use inherently affects its inclusivity and universality during design decision as well as whether it will be relevant to a particular target use. Inclusivity has moved from the periphery of design thinking to the middle-of-the-road where its embrace by major companies has been on the rise to give practical guidance for business leaders, design teams and design managers (Reed & Monk, 2006, p. 59). Inclusive design ensures that products, services and environments are easier to use for those individuals with special needs or any kind of limitation. Inclusivity always has its influence from social trends and pressure for the design of a particular human diversity that exist among people (Coleman, Clarkson, Dong & Cassim, n.d, p. 2). Therefore, inclusive design thinks globally and at the same time, it recognises and celebrates human diversity. Such global and human diversity sensitivity is imperative in attainment of intended use. Inclusivity of design acknowledges and embraces the difference that people have that can be physical, cultural, intellectual and aspirational or lifestyle. According to designer mangers, understanding and catering for the human differences is crucial to business success. In the UK, the rights of those with disability have extended the access of services including the design technology, which must take care of all human diversity and differences (Coleman, Clarkson, Dong & Cassim, n.d, p. 5). Such human rights and laws have gained vantage in design and technology industry with consequent effects in inclusive designs. Consequently, designers must embrace such human laws and produce inclusive designs even for the disabled. In as a much as every design has the potential to include or exclude customers, the concept of inclusive design include access to information and related services through the internet and telecommunication media (ICT). Inclusivity therefore should deal with practicali ties of a product

Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enzymes - Essay Example Then we will utilize acquired information to examine a given experiment. type of organic molecule that contained gene makeup in biological existence (pg. 50, Barrick, Scientific American). DNA seemed to be an evolved trend later down the centuries. DNA now possesses all information concerning the constructs of the human body, including the structure of enzymes. Enzymes In comparison to DNA, RNA differs in nucleic acid component such as To understand the process of creating enzyme RNA proliferation, we have to explore how they are produced and pinpoint theirpurpose in modern cells. The process commences when RNA polymerase, an enzyme, attaches to DNA strands and copies portions of it. RNA polymerase unwinds and opens the double stranded DNA and reads the nucleotides and matched them up with composite nucleotides that fit. After transcription is done, the messenger RNA (mRNA) is released and capped on each side of the strand to prevent the enzymes outside the nucleus from disintegrating it. These mRNA are photocopies of the DNA. Now when the strand reaches outside, it is quickly read by ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that essentially deals with the synthesis of proteins. The ribosomes read the nucleotides assembled in sets of three called codons. Each codon sequence has a specific amino acid it pairs up with. Each amino acid is distributed tRNA or transfer RNA. After each codon is translated, the appropriated amino acid are assembled in the order of the codons on the mRNA and fused to together through the process of dehydration synthesis. Then that protein will leave the ribosome while the mRNA disintegrates for its extended exposure to the catalytic enzymes outside the nucleus. The components of the disintegrated mRNA are recycled. That protein can be an enzyme fit for meta bolic activity. For a catalytic activity, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme breaks them down into different molecules, the products. Almost all processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are extremely selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the

Knowledge Innovation And Change Management Essay

Knowledge Innovation And Change Management Essay INTRODUCTION Innovation is conceptualized in different ways in the literature, but the main idea is the introduction of a new idea or behavior. Damanpour (1991) gives a dual definition to innovation, referring to its technical (new products or services) and administrative aspects (new methods, procedures and information flows). An innovation orientation, which is an orientation that enables innovation, can have both positive and negative outcomes for organizations (Simpson et al., 2006). It seems, however, that in some knowledge-based organizations, negative implications of innovation can outweigh the positive ones; although they maintain a good level of innovation, they cannot achieve high efficiency. Why does this happen? Can technology help a knowledge-based organization achieve a good balance between innovation and efficiency? This essay aims to answer the previous questions. The first section focuses on knowledge-based organizations, identifying the key characteristics that enable innovation. The next section analyses the contradictory nature of innovation and efficiency and describes some of the potential challenges that knowledge-based organizations face, when an innovation orientation is adopted. This analysis gives an answer to the first question on why although an organization is highly innovative it may not be as efficient. The last two parts describe how knowledge-based organizations can achieve a balance between innovation and efficiency and the role of information technology in this objective. INNOVATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANISATION In the knowledge-based organization, knowledge is the key element that leads to efficiently turning inputs into valuable outputs (Teece et al., 1997). A common perception in literature is that knowledge should be privatized and restricted to the organizations boundaries (Argyres, 1996). Its internalization and protection is the key to efficiency; organizations should prioritize exploiting their existing knowledge over creating knowledge (Grant, 1996). On the other hand, Anand et al. (2007) argue that it is innovative knowledge that can help organizations create value. As a consequence, the real challenge for a manager in a knowledge-based organization is not to protect and exploit current possessed knowledge, but to generate knowledge and capability, that is to innovate (Nickerson and Zenger, 2004). Innovation is feasible in knowledge-based organizations for different reasons. First and foremost, in terms of organization structure, it is often either flat with little hierarchical level (Drucker, 1998), or hierarchical but flexible consisting of three levels; bureaucratic, project team and knowledge layer (Nonaka, 1994). A considerable number of authors also state that autonomy is a factor that assists innovation processes (Feldman, 1989). In addition, managements role is to create and promote a vision of knowledge sharing and creativity both internally and in the external environment of the organization and to orient this flexible and less hierarchical structure toward purposeful knowledge creation, as Nonaka (1991) suggests. According to the literature, innovation also requires knowledge acquisition and sharing within the organization. The acquisition depends both on the organizations existing knowledge base (Salavou and Lioukas, 2003), as well as on knowledge and information coming from the external environments (Chang and Cho, 2008). Many knowledge-based organizations innovate because they have the capacity to absorb new ideas and to adjust new external knowledge to their operations (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). Knowledge sharing is essential, because it is easier to generate and formulate new ideas based on existing knowledge. Knowledge workers are the owners of knowledge, which is the most vital asset in a knowledge-based organization (Neagu, 2008). Knowledge can be explicit or tacit; the former is codified in systems or embedded in processes, while the latter is in peoples heads, highly personal and not easily expressible (Nonaka, 1991). It is therefore hard to capture tacit knowledge or to communicate it to others. Acquiring and sharing knowledge can be achieved in formal (e.g. meetings) or informal (e.g. chats) ways and it is the key facilitator of organization learning, which is the process of developing new knowledge from insights and experience of people in the organization (Jimenez-Jimenez and Sanz-Valle, 2010). Several knowledge-based organizations encourage social networking to enable information and knowledge flow and sharing of tacit knowledge and, lastly, to promote an environm ent of communication, trust and freedom to innovate (Wiig, 2000). Last but not least, information and communication technologies can be both conditions and assisting tools for innovation in knowledge-based organizations, as managing and communicating information is essential to ensure that knowledge can be acquired and generated by knowledge-workers (Maier, 2002). The above aspects help some knowledge-based organizations innovate. But what happens, in terms of efficiency, when emphasis is put on innovation? This question is discussed in the following section. THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION ON EFFICIENCY In literature there are management theories and practices (e.g Porter, 1980) which imply that when an organization tries to pursue multiple strategies at the same time, it is very likely to get stuck in between them. As a consequence, it is implied that an organization should select one of the two aspects to put emphasis on: either efficiency or innovation. However, selecting one of the two to put emphasis on can harm the other one and create long-term problems, leading to management myopia of organizational inertia (Sarkees and Hulland, 2009). In addition, the characteristics of innovation and efficiency reveal a contradiction: an innovation task is based on prior knowledge and offers a solution to an unfamiliar problem, whereas an efficiency task involves repeatedly applying optimal solutions to a problem, focusing on speed and accuracy (Sears, 2006), standardization and economies of scale (Farrell and Saloner, 1985). Knowledge-based organizations that choose to adopt an innovation orientation have to deal with challenges in the management of innovation (Van De Ven, 1986); these problems are often related to inefficiency. For instance, although Simpson et al. (2006) argue that innovative ideas result in the company adopting new processes and producing better products and services, leading to customer benefits and competitor-related advantages, this is not always the case. Innovation can sometimes be novel, but not meaningful (Im and Workman, 2004). Some organizations seem to emphasize on innovation and take too many risks, without extracting profits (Levinthal and March, 1993). For example, several organizations invested heavily in innovation during the late 1990s Internet boom, without achieving any profits or creating efficiencies that would help them gain the long term competitive advantage (Sarkees and Hulland, 2009) Knowledge-based organization can also be innovative but not efficient as a result of inconsistent performance in different levels or departments. For instance, there might be an important time lag between the introduction of an innovation and its utilization, realization or commercialization by the respective department (Maier and Haustein, 1980). As mentioned in the previous section, innovative knowledge-based organizations are based more on autonomy and flexible structures and, as a result, less on hierarchy and control. Lack of control may result to inefficiency; Jensen (1993) highlights the significance of control systems, which can ensure that capital investments lead to real-value added innovations. Another relevant risk is investing on innovations despite past failures and encouraging fast followers to imitate and copy innovative ideas, processes or products, without taking any actual innovation risks. For example, General Motors was one of the first carmakers that invested heavily in hybrid vehicle technologies research and development from the 1960s. However the first hybrid car is yet to be launched (scheduled, end of 2010) as a result of inconsistent business and marketing decisions (Maynard, 2008). In contrast Toyota, known for its capacity to exploit new ideas and realize them before its competitors, managed to be the first to convert hybrid technology innovations into routines, manufacturing processes and products, launching the successful Prius in 2000. Efficiency depends, to an extent, on knowledge workers performance. Although innovation can have a positive effect on their satisfaction and morale, which leads to improved productivity, Simpson et al. (2006) however identify job stress, dissatisfaction and turnover as a potential outcome of innovation that can directly affect individual and team performance and cause inefficiency. As previously mentioned, knowledge-based organizations are often flexible, open and creative and this could form an ideal environment for most knowledge workers to perform well, however there are people who cannot adopt in innovative environments. Lukas et al. (2002) agree that, inventions and new ideas brought into being can increase organizational stress. Another argument is that some organizations become too enamored with the idea of innovations, creating more innovations for the sake of innovation (Simpson et al., 2006). This applies to some knowledge-based organizations that over-emphasize on knowledge exploration and generation and forget their core competencies, fail to achieve cost-effective operations and ultimately forego efficiency. Laursen and Salter (2006) also argue that extensive and in-depth external knowledge search beyond a limit affects performance negatively. Most significantly, activities related to innovation often demand increased substantial resources (Van den Ven, 1986) and involve high costs, which are rarely recovered. By definition, efficiency is the output/input ratio that an organization can realize within the given economic circumstances (Maier and Haustein, 1980); minimizing use of resources (input) contradicts innovation initiatives that mainly rely on organizational slack, which is the pool of resources in an organization that is in excess of the minimum necessary to produce a given level of organizational output (Nohria Gulati, 1996). The same authors also suggest that slack might cause relaxation of internal controls and support of new ideas and projects with uncertain outcome. In addition, Leibenstein (1969) introduces the term X-inefficiency that involves the discrepancy caused by the organizational slack, between the maximum output and the actual outcome for a certain amount of inputs. Finally, we should not forget that knowledge-based organizations are based on knowledge, and innovation is to a large extent based on prior knowledge, experience and lessons learnt. In some knowledge-based organizations though, culture of low trust, competitive subcultures, as well as knowledge barriers and limitations can lead to innovation inefficiency (De Long, 1997). In an example of an electronic engineering company, the engineering teams subculture was open to exploration, tacit knowledge-sharing and socializing, whereas the MIS subculture was based on rules, standardized processes and explicit knowledge (De Long, 1997). Efficient collaboration was difficult; strong subcultures, lack of knowledge sharing across teams and different definitions of knowledge hindered efficiency. Consequently, organizations that fail to acquire, transform and exploit existing knowledge and share it across are likely to be inefficient, as they will keep re-inventing the wheel and waste valuable reso urces. IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE IT ALL? A global survey by Accenture (2005) revealed that organizations are continuously struggling to achieve a balance between efficiency and innovation, as a means of gaining the competitive advantage. Despite traditional theories suggesting that innovation and efficiency are incompatible, recent literature supports their compatibility or complementarity. Some authors have defined the ambidextrous organization; an emphasis on efficiency ensures that the organization enhances the utilization of its resources, while an emphasis on innovation involves exploration, experimentation and introduction of new products and services, methods, processes and relationships (Sarkees and Hulland, 2009). In knowledge-based organizations, ambidexterity can be defined as balancing knowledge exploitation and exploration at the same time. Other authors argue that the answer in finding a balance lies in punctuated equilibrium, which suggests cycling through periods of experimentation and exploitation (e.g. Bur gelman, 2002). Nucor is an example of a knowledge-based organization that successfully balances both efficiency and innovation (Sarkees and Hulland, 2009). It is the greatest steel recycling company in the United States, with more than 12 billion dollars in 2005 sales. Nucor pursues a strategy that involves optimizing existing products and operations (efficiency) and revolutionizing the market, introducing new technologies (innovation). For Nucor, it is a priority to continuously explore and acquire new knowledge from the external environment as well as internally. This is also facilitated by its decentralized structure, almost flat hierarchy and team-oriented culture. In the final section of this essay we will discuss how information technology can help a knowledge-based organizations find this balance. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Information technology (IT) can help knowledge-based organizations find a balance between innovation and efficiency through systems that effectively support innovation business processes, control and decision-making, as well as knowledge management (KM). According to Malone (1997), as communication costs decrease, control becomes decentralized and decision-making is divided among connected decision-makers. This encourages creativity and flexibility, as well as efficiency thanks to reduced costs. In terms of knowledge management, the extent to which IT can assist in balancing innovation and efficiency in a knowledge-based organization depends on the organizations approach; cognitive or community network (Scarbrough et al., 1999). The former emphasizes on static IT-based networks (IT has a crucial role) and information flows, whereas the latter focuses on communication and socializing (IT has an enabling role). Technology offers tools that organize knowledge and resources, enable social interactions internally and externally, encourage organizational learning and help knowledge-workers become more innovative and efficient. Based on the complementarity of innovation and efficiency, Newell et al. (2003) argue that the concurrent implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Knowledge Management (KM) systems can have a positive effect on both aspects. ERP systems focus on efficiency, integrating business operations and providing a database, in which all transactions are entered, processed, controlled and reported (Umble et al., 2003). On the other hand, KM systems focus on management of knowledge assets, knowledge sharing across the organization and knowledge creating, fostering innovation and flexibility (Von Krogh et al., 2000). Newells et al. (2003) research concludes that implementing ERP and KM technology in tandem can help an organization exploit existing knowledge, increase efficiency, and innovate simultaneously by sharing and creating knowledge. In knowledge-based organizations, this can assist in redressing the innovation-efficiency balance. Lastly, IT should be adopted and shaped by the organization (Barley, 1990) according to its needs and objectives. IT initiatives should deliver business-value and take into account the organizations cultural and socio-political perspectives. Swan et al. (1999) agree that IT-led initiatives aiming in knowledge exploration and exploitation should be combined with the development of a knowledge-sharing culture and social-networking initiatives. CONCLUSION Despite the difficulties involved, knowledge-based organizations can balance the competing nature of innovation and efficiency by addressing problems that an overemphasis on innovation causes: effectively managing knowledge, focusing on meaningful innovations, efficiently utilizing organizational slack and enabling social-networking, as well as culture of collaboration and knowledge-sharing. IT can assist in redressing the innovation-efficiency balance, however IT investments should be targeted and applied appropriately; technology is no panacea for an organizations problems.

Terror Management Theory Essay -- Psychology, Anxiety, self-esteem

Terror management theory (TMT) asserts that human beings have natural tendency for self-preservation if there is threat to one’s well–being (Greenberg, Solomon, & Pyszczynski, 1997). It notes that we are the cultural animals that pose self-awareness on the concept of past and future, as well as the understanding that one day we will die. We concern about our life and death but aware that it is unexpected by everything. The worse matter is that we become aware of our vulnerability and helplessness when facing death-related thoughts and ultimate demise (Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1992). The inevitable death awareness or mortality salience provides a ground for experiencing the existential terror, which is the overwhelming concern of people’s mortality and existence. In order to avoid the continued existence of threats, people need faith in a relatively affirmative and plausive cultural worldview and meaning of life (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1995). Cultural worldview is a perceptual construction in the society which explaining the origins of life and the existence of afterlife. We have to invest a set of cultural worldviews by ourselves that are able to provide meaning, stability and order to our lives and to offer the promise of death transcendence (Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 2004). On the other hand, we hold a belief that one is living up to the standards of value prescribed by that worldview and social norm shared by a group of people. This belief is derived by self-esteem of individual. We maintain the perception and confident that we are fulfilling the cultural prescriptions for value in the society and are thus eligible for some form of personal immortality (Landau & Greenberg, 2006). We Together with the assump... ... and death-thought accessibility which are typically evoked by mortality reminders (Greenberg et al., 1993). The research further stated that self-esteem and death awareness are high interdependent with each other and the self-esteem-anxiety-hypothesis. For TMT, A second line of support for the terror management function of self-esteem comes from tests of the mortality salience hypothesis which is another hypothesis derived from TMT. Similar to the anxiety-buffer hypothesis, it states that temporarily increasing the accessibility of death-related thought self-esteem provides protection from mortality concerns, and hence individuals will then intensify their efforts to bolster and defend self-esteem. In sum, convergent evidence supports the claim that self-esteem functions as a buffer against mortality concerns (Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, & Maxfield, 2006).